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Futur simple et futur antérieur

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Futur simple et futur antérieur 1

Futur simple et futur antérieur 2

Futur simple et futur antérieur 3

Futur simple et futur antérieur 4

📝 Mini-cours GRATUIT

Le futur simple

<p>Le futur simple permet d’exprimer <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>une action qui se fera dans l’avenir</strong></span> par rapport au moment de l’énonciation (moment où l’on parle).<br /><strong>Exemple :</strong> Demain après-midi, nous irons lui rendre visite.</p> <p>Il permet aussi d’exprimer <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>une vérité générale</strong></span>, un fait constaté de tous les temps, par exemple dans les proverbes, citations...<br /><strong>Exemple :</strong> Plus vous saurez regarder loin dans le passé, plus vous verrez loin dans le futur. (W. Churchill)</p> <p>Tous les verbes prennent les mêmes terminaisons au futur simple : <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ai, as, a, ons, ez, ent</strong></span>.<br /><br />Généralement, les verbes du 1<sup>er</sup> groupe et du 2<sup>e</sup> groupe conservent l’infinitif en entier au futur. <strong>Exemples :</strong> <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>crier</strong></span> → je <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>crier</strong></span>ai, tu <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>crier</strong></span>as, il <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>crier</strong></span>a... / <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>rugir</strong></span> → je <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>rugir</strong></span>ai, tu <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>rugir</strong></span>as, il <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>rugir</strong></span>a...</p> <p><br /><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>Conjugaison du verbe <em>jeter</em> (1<sup>er</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <p><em>Attention, les verbes en -eler/-eter prennent deux l ou deux t.</em></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 57.1347%; height: 205px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 55.1037%;">Je</td> <td style="width: 27.7764%;">je<strong>tt</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 17.1198%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ai</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 55.1037%;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 27.7764%;">je<strong>tt</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 17.1198%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>as</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 55.1037%;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 27.7764%;">je<strong>tt</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 17.1198%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>a</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 55.1037%;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 27.7764%;">je<strong>tt</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 17.1198%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ons</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 55.1037%;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 27.7764%;">je<strong>tt</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 17.1198%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ez</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 55.1037%;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 27.7764%;">je<strong>tt</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 17.1198%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ont</strong></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>Conjugaison du verber <em>appuyer</em> (1<sup>er</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <p><em>Attention, les verbes en -yer changent l'y en i.</em></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 68.9631%; height: 126px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 48.3693%; height: 21px;">J’</td> <td style="width: 31.4796%; height: 21px;">appu<strong>i</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 20.151%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ai</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 48.3693%; height: 21px;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 31.4796%; height: 21px;">appu<strong>i</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 20.151%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>as</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 48.3693%; height: 21px;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 31.4796%; height: 21px;">appu<strong>i</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 20.151%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>a</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 48.3693%; height: 21px;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 31.4796%; height: 21px;">appu<strong>i</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 20.151%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ons</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 48.3693%; height: 21px;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 31.4796%; height: 21px;">appu<strong>i</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 20.151%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ez</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 48.3693%; height: 21px;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 31.4796%; height: 21px;">appu<strong>i</strong>er</td> <td style="width: 20.151%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ont</strong></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br /><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong><br />Conjugaison du verbe <em>finir</em> (2<sup>e</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 68.9619%; height: 211px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 49.5189%;">Je</td> <td style="width: 29.5209%;">finir</td> <td style="width: 20.9601%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ai</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.5189%;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 29.5209%;">finir</td> <td style="width: 20.9601%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>as</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.5189%;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 29.5209%;">finir</td> <td style="width: 20.9601%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>a</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.5189%;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 29.5209%;">finir</td> <td style="width: 20.9601%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ons</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.5189%;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 29.5209%;">finir</td> <td style="width: 20.9601%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ez</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.5189%;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 29.5209%;">finir</td> <td style="width: 20.9601%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ont</strong></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong><br /><br />Conjugaison du verbe <em>aller</em> (3<sup>e</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 68.9631%;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 33.9221%;">J’</td> <td style="width: 21.7534%;">ir</td> <td style="width: 11.9861%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ai</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.9221%;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 21.7534%;">ir</td> <td style="width: 11.9861%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>as</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.9221%;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 21.7534%;">ir</td> <td style="width: 11.9861%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>a</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.9221%;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 21.7534%;">ir</td> <td style="width: 11.9861%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ons</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.9221%;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 21.7534%;">ir</td> <td style="width: 11.9861%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ez</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.9221%;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 21.7534%;">ir</td> <td style="width: 11.9861%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ont</strong></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br /><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong><br />Conjugaison du verbe <em>courir</em> (3<sup>e</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <p><em>Attention, les verbes mourir, courir, acquérir et ceux de leur famille prennent deux r au futur, mais un seul à l’imparfait.</em></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 70.3125%; height: 222px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 49.7905%;">Je</td> <td style="width: 30.6077%;">cou<strong>rr</strong></td> <td style="width: 19.6017%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ai</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.7905%;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 30.6077%;">cou<strong>rr</strong></td> <td style="width: 19.6017%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>as</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.7905%;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 30.6077%;">cou<strong>rr</strong></td> <td style="width: 19.6017%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>a</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.7905%;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 30.6077%;">cou<strong>rr</strong></td> <td style="width: 19.6017%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ons</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.7905%;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 30.6077%;">cou<strong>rr</strong></td> <td style="width: 19.6017%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ez</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 49.7905%;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 30.6077%;">cou<strong>rr</strong></td> <td style="width: 19.6017%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>ont</strong></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>

Le futur antérieur : conjugaison

<p>Le futur antérieur sert à exprimer <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>une action qui se déroulera avant une action future</strong></span>.<br />Il peut aussi permettre d’exprimer <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>une supposition</strong></span> par rapport à un fait passé, et sert alors de passé composé.<br /><strong>Exemple :</strong> Elle se sera assurée qu’ils étaient bien chez eux avant de passer.</p> <p>Le futur antérieur se forme ainsi : <span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>auxiliaire (<em>avoir</em> ou <em>être</em>) au futur simple + participe passé du verbe conjugué</strong></span>.<br /><strong>Exemple :</strong> Nous serons partis.</p> <p><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>Conjugaison du verbe <em>appuyer</em> (1<sup>er</sup> groupe)</strong></span></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 66.2658%; height: 211px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 40.3368%;">J’</td> <td style="width: 26.5905%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurai</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 12.1463%;">appuyé</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.3368%;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 26.5905%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>auras</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 12.1463%;">appuyé</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.3368%;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 26.5905%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aura</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 12.1463%;">appuyé</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.3368%;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 26.5905%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurons</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 12.1463%;">appuyé</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.3368%;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 26.5905%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurez</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 12.1463%;">appuyé</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.3368%;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 26.5905%;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>auront</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 12.1463%;">appuyé</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong><br /><br />Conjugaison du verbe <em>remplir</em> (2<sup>e</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 66.6903%; height: 132px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 22px;"> <td style="width: 51.0301%; height: 22px;">J’</td> <td style="width: 32.9148%; height: 22px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurai</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 16.055%; height: 22px;">rempli</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22px;"> <td style="width: 51.0301%; height: 22px;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 32.9148%; height: 22px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>auras</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 16.055%; height: 22px;">rempli</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22px;"> <td style="width: 51.0301%; height: 22px;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 32.9148%; height: 22px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aura</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 16.055%; height: 22px;">rempli</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22px;"> <td style="width: 51.0301%; height: 22px;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 32.9148%; height: 22px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurons</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 16.055%; height: 22px;">rempli</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22px;"> <td style="width: 51.0301%; height: 22px;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 32.9148%; height: 22px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurez</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 16.055%; height: 22px;">rempli</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22px;"> <td style="width: 51.0301%; height: 22px;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 32.9148%; height: 22px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>auront</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 16.055%; height: 22px;">rempli</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br /><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong><br />Conjugaison du verbe <em>aller</em> (3<sup>e</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 67.0455%; height: 126px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 34.9223%; height: 21px;">Je</td> <td style="width: 22.6835%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>serai</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 9.43961%; height: 21px;">allé(e)</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 34.9223%; height: 21px;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 22.6835%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>seras</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 9.43961%; height: 21px;">allé(e)</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 34.9223%; height: 21px;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 22.6835%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>sera</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 9.43961%; height: 21px;">allé(e)</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 34.9223%; height: 21px;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 22.6835%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>serons</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 9.43961%; height: 21px;">allé(e)s</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 34.9223%; height: 21px;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 22.6835%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>serez</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 9.43961%; height: 21px;">allé(e)s</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 34.9223%; height: 21px;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 22.6835%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>seront</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 9.43961%; height: 21px;">allé(e)s</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br /><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong><br />Conjugaison du verbe <em>prendre</em> (3<sup>e</sup> groupe) :</strong></span></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 67.6847%; height: 126px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 35.0378%; height: 21px;">J’</td> <td style="width: 24.1892%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurai</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 8.45746%; height: 21px;">pris</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 35.0378%; height: 21px;">Tu</td> <td style="width: 24.1892%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>auras</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 8.45746%; height: 21px;">pris</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 35.0378%; height: 21px;">Il/elle/on</td> <td style="width: 24.1892%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aura</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 8.45746%; height: 21px;">pris</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 35.0378%; height: 21px;">Nous</td> <td style="width: 24.1892%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurons</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 8.45746%; height: 21px;">pris</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 35.0378%; height: 21px;">Vous</td> <td style="width: 24.1892%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>aurez</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 8.45746%; height: 21px;">pris</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21px;"> <td style="width: 35.0378%; height: 21px;">Ils/elles</td> <td style="width: 24.1892%; height: 21px;"><span style="color: #3598db;"><strong>auront</strong></span></td> <td style="width: 8.45746%; height: 21px;">pris</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Le futur antérieur : valeur et emplois

<p>Observez : Paul dit : « Je vous rejoindrai dès que j’aurai terminé. »</p> <p>Quoi de plus antinomique en apparence que ces 2 mots : futur et antérieur. Pourtant, c’est un temps très utile en français pour exprimer une action antérieure à une autre dans le futur.</p> <p><img onclick="openImg('https://cdn.adam.nomadeducation.fr/media/9fdddf83-01e3-4ece-be1c-ac3ef2ea0672.png')" data-adam-media-id="6079a596088c243974bd2a31" src="https://cdn.adam.nomadeducation.fr/media/9fdddf83-01e3-4ece-be1c-ac3ef2ea0672.png" alt="" width="812" height="162" data-adam-media-id="6079a596088c243974bd2a31" /></p> <p>Le futur antérieur peut donc s’utiliser avec le futur simple, pour donner une <strong>chronologie aux événements futurs</strong> et à condition que l’action 1 soit complétée. <br /><strong>Exemple :</strong> Le musée rouvrira dès que les travaux seront finis.<br /><em>La deuxième action (la fin des travaux) conditionne la réouverture du musée. </em></p> <p>Le futur antérieur peut aussi s’employer seul. Dans ce cas, il marque la date d’achèvement future d’une situation.<br /><strong>Exemple :</strong> Dans 5 ans, nous aurons fini de rembourser notre prêt bancaire.</p> <p>Le futur antérieur est un temps composé qui s’utilise avec les auxiliaires <em>être</em> et <em>avoir</em> au futur, et qui respecte les règles d’accord des participes passés. <br /><strong>Exemple :</strong> Julie sera arrivée avant moi. Nous aurons déjà mangé à 13 heures.</p>

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